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African American Studies Research Guide

USC Network Username and Password

Access to library resources requires your Network username (your university email address before the "@") and password.

 

Making the Most of Find It @ USC

Making the Most of Find It @ USC
 

Finding Background Information
Use these sources to gain familiarity with your topic, narrow your research question, provide context, and identify experts

Choosing a Topic
Taking the time to carefully choose and refine your topic can save you significant time and effort later in your research.

Primary and Secondary Sources

Researching the Armstrongs

Explore the digitized materials yourself and read how two people from University Libraries used Chronicling America, the largest freely accessible aggregation of U.S. historical newspapers, to learn more.

Primary and Secondary Sources in History

Primary sources = Evidence

  • Created during the time period or event you are studying, or produced by a participant (even if after the fact)
  • Primary sources are defined by how they are used (i.e. as evidence for interpretation of the past) rather than by what they are (i.e. format or type of material)

Secondary sources = Analysis and interpretation

  • Written by historians, scholars, and other researchers
  • Secondary sources are based on the analysis and interpretation of primary evidence and other sources

Primary and Secondary Sources in Science

Primary sources = Original Research

  • Written by the scientists(s) or researcher(s) who conducted the experiment or study
  • Should include sections detailing how the research was performed such as methodology, results, and discussion/conclusions

Secondary sources = Summarize, Review or Compare

  • Authors did not conduct the research studies which are mentioned or cited in the article themselves
  • Purpose is to summarize, review, or compare the published research on a specific topic

Primary and Secondary Sources in Social Sciences

Primary sources = Original Research

  • Written by the researcher(s) who performed the research study
  • Should include sections detailing how the research was performed such as methodology, data, results, and discussion/conclusions

Secondary sources = Summarize, Review or Compare

  • Authors did not conduct the research studies which are mentioned or cited in the article themselves
  • Purpose is to summarize, review, or compare the published research on a specific topic

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