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Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Guide

Understanding Scientific Primary and Secondary Sources

Primary sources = Original Research

  • Written by the scientists(s) or researcher(s) who conducted the experiment or study
  • Should include sections detailing how the research was performed such as methodology, results, and discussion/conclusions

Secondary sources = Summarize, Review or Compare

  • Authors did not conduct the research studies which are mentioned or cited in the article themselves
  • Purpose is to summarize, review, or compare the published research on a specific topic

How to find...

If you need help with technical writing, please contact the USC Peer Writing and Communications team or the USC Writing Center for help.

Using a citation manager or organizer can a) help you create citations and b) allow you to keep all of your citations contained.

Citation Style Guides

Citation Managers